Part ¢ñStructure and Vocabulary

¡¡¡¡Section A

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)

¡¡¡¡Example:

¡¡¡¡I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýfrom£ÛB£Ýafter£ÛC£Ýfor£ÛD£Ýsince

¡¡¡¡The sentence should read, \!I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.¡± Therefore, you should choose £ÛD£Ý¡£

¡¡¡¡Sample Answer£ÛA£Ý £ÛB£Ý £ÛC£Ý £ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡1.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýhad produced£ÛB£Ýhave been produced

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýwould have produced£ÛD£Ýhad been produced

¡¡¡¡2.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than in the public mind today.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýexists£ÛB£Ýexist£ÛC£Ýexisting£ÛD£Ýexisted

¡¡¡¡3.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds his argument in favor of the new theory.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýwhich to base on£ÛB£Ýon which to base

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýto base to which£ÛD£Ýwhich to be based on

¡¡¡¡4. can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝEverybody£ÛB£ÝAnybody£ÛC£ÝSomebody£ÛD£ÝNobody

¡¡¡¡5.How many of us ,say,a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýattended£ÛB£Ýattending£ÛC£Ýto attend£ÛD£Ýhave attended

¡¡¡¡6.Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýso that£ÛB£Ý but that£ÛC£Ý in that£ÛD£Ýprovided that

¡¡¡¡7.We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal one.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýrather than£ÛB£Ýother than£ÛC£Ýbetter than£ÛD£Ýless than

¡¡¡¡8. is generally accepted,economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝWhat£ÛB£ÝThat£ÛC£ÝIt£ÛD£ÝAs

¡¡¡¡9.It is believed that today¬ðs pop music can serve as a creative force stimulating the thinking of its listeners.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýby£ÛB£Ýwith£ÛC£Ýat£ÛD£Ýon

¡¡¡¡10.Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýas it is£ÛB£Ýthe same is£ÛC£Ýso is£ÛD£Ýand so is

¡¡¡¡Section B

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£ Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)

¡¡¡¡Example:

¡¡¡¡A number of£ÛA£Ý foreign visitors were taken£ÛB£Ý to the industrial exhibition, which£ÛC£Ý they saw£ÛD£Ý many new products.

¡¡¡¡Answer £ÛC£Ý is wrong. The sentence should read, \!A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.¡± So you should choose £ÛC£Ý¡£

¡¡¡¡Sample Answer£ÛA£Ý £ÛB£Ý £ÛC£Ý £ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡11ª±The conveniences that Americans desire reflecting £ÛA£Ý not so much a leisurely £ÛB£Ý lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are £ÛC£Ýtoo valuable to be wasted.£ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡12ª±In debating, one must correct the opponent¬ðs£ÛA£Ý facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that £ÛB£Ýwhat £ÛC£Ý he presents as proof,unless £ÛD£Ý relevant, is sufficient.

¡¡¡¡13ª±We are not conscious of £ÛA£Ý the extent of which £ÛB£Ý work provides he psychological satis faction that £ÛC£Ýcan make the difference £ÛD£Ýbetween a full and an empty life.

¡¡¡¡14ª±The Portuguese give £ÛA£Ý a great deal of credit to one man £ÛB£Ý for having promoted £ÛC£Ý sea travel,that man was £ÛD£Ý Prince Henry the navigator,who lived in the 15th century.

¡¡¡¡15ª±Accuonts of £ÛA£Ý scientific experiments are generally correct, for £ÛB£Ý thosewrite about £ÛC£Ý science are careful in checking £ÛD£Ý the accuracy of their reports.

¡¡¡¡16ª±Whenever we hear of £ÛA£Ýa natural disaster, even£ÛB£Ýin a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy £ÛC£Ýfor the people to have affected.£ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡17ª±It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say £ÛA£Ý that we shall soon be trusting £ÛB£Ý our health, wealth and happiness to elements with whom £ÛC£Ý very names the general public are£ÛD£Ý unfamiliar.

¡¡¡¡18ª±The speaker claimed that no other£ÛA£Ý modern nation devotes so small £ÛB£Ý a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health than £ÛC£Ý the United States does.£ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡19ª±There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked £ÛA£Ý research projects will account for £ÛB£Ý an improvement in the standard of living or,alternately, to do much £ÛC£Ý to protect our diminishing £ÛD£Ý resources.

¡¡¡¡20ª±If individuals are awakened £ÛA£Ýeach time as £ÛB£Ý they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though £ÛC£Ý their total amount of sleep has been £ÛD£Ý sufficient.

¡¡¡¡Section C

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£ Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

¡¡¡¡Example:

¡¡¡¡The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ývanished £ÛB£Ýscattered £ÛC£Ýabandoned £ÛD£Ýrejected

¡¡¡¡The sentence should read, \!The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.¡± Therefore, you should choose £ÛC£Ý¡£

¡¡¡¡Sample Answer£ÛA£Ý £ÛB£Ý £ÛC£Ý £ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡21. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highlyif the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý admired£ÛB£Ý regarded£ÛC£Ý expected£ÛD£Ý worshipped

¡¡¡¡22. Aof the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý shorthand£ÛB£Ý scheme£ÛC£Ý schedule£ÛD£Ý sketch

¡¡¡¡23. A man has to makefor his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýsupply£ÛB£Ý assurance£ÛC£Ý provisiond. adjustment

¡¡¡¡24. The newly-built Science Building seemsenough to last a hundred years.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý spacious£ÛB£Ý sophisticated£ÛC£Ý substantial£ÛD£Ý steady

¡¡¡¡25. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country arefree medical care.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý entitled to£ÛB£Ý involved in£ÛC£Ý associated with£ÛD£Ý assigned to

¡¡¡¡26. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý danger£ÛB£Ý stake£ÛC£Ý loss£ÛD£Ý threat

¡¡¡¡27. I feltto death because I could make nothing of the chairman¬ðs speech.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý fatigued£ÛB£Ý tired£ÛC£Ý exhausted£ÛD£Ý bored

¡¡¡¡28. When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý wrong£ÛB£Ý trouble£ÛC£Ý fault£ÛD£Ý difficulty

¡¡¡¡29. Your advice would bevaluable to him, who is at present at his wit¬ðs end.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý exceedingly£ÛB£Ý excessively£ÛC£Ý extensively£ÛD£Ý exclusively

¡¡¡¡30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to the consequences.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý answer for£ÛB£Ý run into£ÛC£Ý abide by£ÛD£Ý step into

¡¡¡¡31. The river is already its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý parallel to£ÛB£Ý level in £ÛC£Ý flat on£ÛD£Ý flush with

¡¡¡¡32. People that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý convinced£ÛB£Ý anticipated£ÛC£Ý resolved£ÛD£Ý assured

¡¡¡¡33. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written orfor language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programme for the reading skills.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý adapted£ÛB£Ý acknowledged£ÛC£Ý assembled£ÛD£Ý appointed

¡¡¡¡34. The mother said she would her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý let down£ÛB£Ý let alone£ÛC£Ý let off£ÛD£Ý let out

¡¡¡¡35. We should always keep in mind thatdecisions often lead to bitter regrets.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý urgent£ÛB£Ý hasty£ÛC£Ý instant£ÛD£Ý prompt

¡¡¡¡36. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pagesin the dictionary.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý missing £ÛB£Ý losing£ÛC£Ý dropping£ÛD£Ý leaking

¡¡¡¡37. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of womenthis field is climbing.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý engaging£ÛB£Ý devoting£ÛC£Ý registering£ÛD£Ý pursuing

¡¡¡¡38. The supervisor didn¬ðt have time so far to go into it, but he gave us an idea about his plan.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý at hand£ÛB£Ý in turn£ÛC£Ý in conclusion£ÛD£Ý at length

¡¡¡¡39. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest of being met.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý prospect£ÛB£Ý prediction£ÛC£Ý prosperity£ÛD£Ý permission

¡¡¡¡40. It¬ðs usually the case people seldom behave in a way when in a furious state.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý stable£ÛB£Ý rational £ÛC£Ý legal£ÛD£Ý credible

¡¡¡¡Part ¢òCloze Test

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

¡¡¡¡Sleep is divided into periods of soª²called REM sleep,characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming,and longer periods of nonª²REM sleep.41kind of sleep is at all wellª²understood,but REM sleep is 42to serve some restorative function of the brain.The purpose of nonª²REM sleep is even more 43.The new experiments,such as those 44for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis,suggest fascinating explanations 45of non£­REM sleep.

¡¡¡¡For example,it has long been known that total sleep 46is 100 percent fatal to rats,yet,47examination of the dead bodies,the animals look completely normal.A researcher has now 48the mystery of why the animals die.The rats49bacterial infections of the blood,50their immune systems¡ªthe selfª²protecting mechanism against diseases¡ªhad crashed.

¡¡¡¡41.£ÛA£ÝEither£ÛB£ÝNeither£ÛC£ÝEach£ÛD£ÝAny

¡¡¡¡42.£ÛA£Ýintended£ÛB£Ýrequired£ÛC£Ýassumed£ÛD£Ýinferred

¡¡¡¡43.£ÛA£Ýsubtle£ÛB£Ýobvious£ÛC£Ýmysterious£ÛD£Ýdoubtful

¡¡¡¡44.£ÛA£Ýmaintained£ÛB£Ýdescribed£ÛC£Ýsettled£ÛD£Ýafforded

¡¡¡¡45.£ÛA£Ýin the light£ÛB£Ýby virtue£ÛC£Ýwith the exception£ÛD£Ýfor the purpose

¡¡¡¡46.£ÛA£Ýreduction£ÛB£Ýdestruction£ÛC£Ýdeprivation£ÛD£Ýrestriction

¡¡¡¡47.£ÛA£Ýupon£ÛB£Ýby£ÛC£Ýthrough£ÛD£Ýwith

¡¡¡¡48.£ÛA£Ýpaid attention to£ÛB£Ýcaught sight of£ÛC£Ýlaid emphasis on£ÛD£Ýcast light on

¡¡¡¡49.£ÛA£Ýdevelop£ÛB£Ýproduce£ÛC£Ýstimulate£ÛD£Ýinduce

¡¡¡¡50.£ÛA£Ýif£ÛB£Ýas if£ÛC£Ýonly if£ÛD£Ýif only

¡¡¡¡Part ¢óReading Comprehension

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)

¡¡¡¡Passage1

¡¡¡¡Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour,and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services:without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much,the price of your television license would need to be doubled,and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more.

¡¡¡¡And perhaps most important of all,advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twentyª²seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long,for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised,it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it,and that it represents good value.

¡¡¡¡Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.

¡¡¡¡There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a wellª²known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.

¡¡¡¡If its message were confined merely to information¡ªand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive¡ªadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the wellª²known television personality wants.

¡¡¡¡51.By the first sentence of the passage the author means that .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýhe is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýeverybody knows well that advertising is money consuming

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýadvertising costs money like everything else

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýit is worthwhile to spend money on advertising

¡¡¡¡52.In the passage,which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝSecuring greater fame.£ÛB£ÝProviding more jobs.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝEnhancing living standards.£ÛD£ÝReducing newspaper cost.

¡¡¡¡53.The author deems that the wellª²known TV personality is .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ývery precise in passing his judgment on advertising

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýinterested in nothing but the buyers¬ð attention

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýcorrect in telling the difference between persuasion and information

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýobviously partial in his views on advertising

¡¡¡¡54.In the author¬ðs opinion, .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýadvertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýadvertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthere is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthe buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

¡¡¡¡Passage2

¡¡¡¡There are two basic ways to see growth:one as a product,the other as a process.People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion,the student whose grades improve,the foreigner who learns a new language¡ªthese are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.

¡¡¡¡By contrast,the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine,since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself,but rather the attitudes and feelings people have,their caution or courage,as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.In this process,the journey never really ends;there are always new ways to experience the world,new ideas to try,new challenges to accept.

¡¡¡¡In order to grow,to travel new roads,people need to have a willingness to take risks,to confront the unknown,and to accept the possibility they may ¡°fail¡± at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so,then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we¬ðre shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate,to move slowly,and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we¬ðre slow to adapt to change or that we¬ðre not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.

¡¡¡¡These feelings of insecurity and selfª²doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts,if we protect ourselves too much,then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.

¡¡¡¡55.A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýhe has given up his smoking habit

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýhe has made great efforts in his work

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýhe is keen on learning anything new

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýhe has tried to determine where he is on his journey

¡¡¡¡56.In the author¬ðs eyes,one who views personal growth as a process would .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýsucceed in climbing up the social ladder

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýjudge his ability to grow from his own achievements

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýface difficulties and take up challenges

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýaim high and reach his goal each time

¡¡¡¡57.When the author says ¡°a new way of being¡± (line 2, para. 3),he is referring to .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýa new approach to experiencing the world

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýa new way of taking risks

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýa new method of perceiving ourselves

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýa new system of adapting to change

¡¡¡¡58.For personal growth,the author advocates all of the following except .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýcuriosity about more chances£ÛB£Ýpromptness in selfª²adaptation

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýopenª²mindedness to new experiences£ÛD£Ýavoidance of internal fears and doubts

¡¡¡¡Passage3

¡¡¡¡In such a changing,complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life¬ðs problems which were solved by asking family members,friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

¡¡¡¡In addition to this,there is the growing mobility of people since World War ¢ò¡£ As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus,things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.

¡¡¡¡Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation,and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated,timeª²consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.

¡¡¡¡Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machineª²readable files,and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television,radio,and very shortly electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information,thus making more information available to more people.

¡¡¡¡In this world of change and complexity,the need for information is of greatest improtance. Those people who have accurate,reliable upª²toª²date information to solve the dayª²toª²day problems,the critical problems of their business,social and family life,will survive and succeed. ¡°Knowledge is power¡± may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

¡¡¡¡59.The word ¡°it¡± (line 3, para. 2) most probably refers to .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe lack of stable communities£ÛB£Ýthe breakdown of informal information channels

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe increased mobility of families£ÛD£Ýthe growing number of people moving from place to place

¡¡¡¡60.The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthey have to learn new things consciously

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthey lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthey have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthey can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.

¡¡¡¡61.From the passage we can infer that .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýelectronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýit will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýpeople will spend less time holding meetings or conferences

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýevents will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites

¡¡¡¡62.We can learn from the last paragraph that .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýit is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýpeople should make the best use of the information accessible

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýwe should realize the importance of accumulating information

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýit is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently

¡¡¡¡Passage4

¡¡¡¡Personality is to a large extent inherent¡ªAª²type parents usually bring about Aª²type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect,since if competition is important to the parents,it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

¡¡¡¡One place where children soak up A characteristics is school,which is,by its very nature,a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ¡°win at all costs¡± moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a twoª²layer system,in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:¡°Rejoice, we conquer!¡±

¡¡¡¡By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable,but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

¡¡¡¡Obviously,it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B¬ðs. The world needs types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child¬ðs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.

¡¡¡¡If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened,more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions,especially medicine,could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B¬ðs are important and should be encouraged.

¡¡¡¡63.According to the passage,Aª²type individuals are usually .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýimpatient£ÛB£Ýconsiderate£ÛC£Ýaggressive£ÛD£Ýagreeable

¡¡¡¡64.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe pressure is too great on the students£ÛB£Ýsome students are bound to fail

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýfailure rates are too high£ÛD£Ýthe results of examinations are doubtful

¡¡¡¡65.The selection of medical professionals are currently based on .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýcandidates¬ð sensitivity£ÛB£Ýacademic achievements

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýcompetitive spirit£ÛD£Ýsurer values

¡¡¡¡66.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe personality of a child is well established at birth

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýfamily influence dominates the shaping of one¬ðs characteristics

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe development of one¬ðs personality is due to multiple factors

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝBª²type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society

¡¡¡¡Passage5

¡¡¡¡That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano,to recitation of a poem,and even to reading and understanding these words.Soª²called intelligent behaviour demands memory,remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically,the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.

¡¡¡¡Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten;and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet,dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense,the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed,when one¬ðs memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety,forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless,an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.

¡¡¡¡In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects,it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time,since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out ,providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting,adaptive ability would suffer,for example,learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.

¡¡¡¡Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view,continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output)¡£ Indeed,there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an inputª²output balance.

¡¡¡¡67.From the evolutionary point of view, .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýforgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýif a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual¬ðs adaptability

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýsudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences

¡¡¡¡68.According to the passage,if a person never forgot,.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýhe would survive best£ÛB£Ýhe would have a lot of trouble

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýhis ability to learn would be enhanced£ÛD£Ýthe evolution of memory would stop

¡¡¡¡69.From the last paragraph we know that .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýforgetfulness is a response to learning

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthe memory storage system is an exactly balanced inputª²output system

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýmemory is a compensation for forgetting

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthe capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs

¡¡¡¡70.In this article,the author tries to interpret the function of .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýremembering£ÛB£Ýforgetting£ÛC£Ýadapting£ÛD£Ýexperiencing

¡¡¡¡Part ¢ôEnglishª²Chinese Translation

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET ¢ò¡£(15 points)

¡¡¡¡The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting,classifying,assigning,or promoting students,employees,and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books,magazines,the daily press,and even in Congress. 71)The target is wrong,for in attacking the tests,critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illª²informed or incompetent users.The tests themselves are merely tools,with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.Whether the results will be valuable,meaningless,or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.

¡¡¡¡All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades,research productivity,sales records,or whatever is appropriate. 72)How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.

¡¡¡¡Standardized tests should be considered in this context.They provide a quick,objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned,the skills he has developed,or the kind of person he is.The information so obtained has,qualitatively,the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. 73)Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

¡¡¡¡74)In general,the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.Properly used,they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people.Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized,but there are many things they do not do. 75)For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been,had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

¡¡¡¡Part ¢õWriting(15points)

¡¡¡¡76.Directions:

¡¡¡¡Aª± Title: THE ¡°PROJECT HOPE¡±

¡¡¡¡Bª± Time limit: 40 minutes

¡¡¡¡Cª± Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

¡¡¡¡Dª± Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: ¡°Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country.¡±

¡¡¡¡E. Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

¡¡¡¡OUTLINE:

¡¡¡¡1. Present situation

¡¡¡¡2. Necessity of the project

¡¡¡¡3. My suggestion

¡¡¡¡

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