Part ¢ñStructure and Vocabulary

¡¡¡¡Section A

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)

¡¡¡¡Example:

¡¡¡¡I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýfrom£ÛB£Ýafter£ÛC£Ýfor£ÛD£Ýsince

¡¡¡¡The sentence should read, \!I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.¡± Therefore, you should choose £ÛD£Ý¡£

¡¡¡¡Sample Answer£ÛA£Ý £ÛB£Ý £ÛC£Ý £ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡1.By the time you arrive in London,we in Europe for two weeks.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýshall stay£ÛB£Ýhave stayed

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýwill have stayed£ÛD£Ýhave been staying

¡¡¡¡2.I appreciated the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýhaving been given£ÛB£Ýhaving given£ÛC£Ýto have been given£ÛD£Ýto have given

¡¡¡¡3.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, obtaining water is not the least.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýof which£ÛB£Ýfor what£ÛC£Ýas£ÛD£Ýwhose

¡¡¡¡4.The heart is intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýnot so£ÛB£Ýnot much£ÛC£Ýmuch more£ÛD£Ýno more

¡¡¡¡5. the fact that his initial experiments had failed,Prof.White persisted in his research.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝBecause of£ÛB£ÝAs to£ÛC£ÝIn spite of£ÛD£ÝIn view of

¡¡¡¡6.Jean Wagner¬ðs most enduring contribution to the study of Afroª²American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly,frame of reference.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýis to be analyzed£ÛB£Ýhas been analyzed£ÛC£Ýbe analyzed£ÛD£Ýshould have been analyzed

¡¡¡¡7.The millions of calculations involved,had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýcould lose£ÛB£Ýwould have lost£ÛC£Ýmight lose£ÛD£Ýought to have lost

¡¡¡¡8.No bread eaten by man is so sweet as earned by his own labour.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý one £ÛB£Ýthat£ÛC£Ýsuch£ÛD£Ýwhat

¡¡¡¡9.It isn¬ðt cold enough for there a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim¬ðs car out quite safely.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýwould be£ÛB£Ýbeing£ÛC£Ýwas£ÛD£Ýto be

¡¡¡¡10.Scientists generally agree that the Earth¬ðs climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýas long as£ÛB£Ýas much as£ÛC£Ýas soon as£ÛD£Ýas well as

¡¡¡¡Section B

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£ Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)

¡¡¡¡Example:

¡¡¡¡A number of£ÛA£Ý foreign visitors were taken£ÛB£Ý to the industrial exhibition, which£ÛC£Ý they saw£ÛD£Ý many new products.

¡¡¡¡Answer £ÛC£Ý is wrong. The sentence should read, \!A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.¡± So you should choose £ÛC£Ý¡£

¡¡¡¡Sample Answer£ÛA£Ý £ÛB£Ý £ÛC£Ý £ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡11ª±Similar elements in the prehistoric remains £ÛA£Ý from both areas suggest £ÛB£Ý that Indians and their neighbours had maintained £ÛC£Ý distant but real connections ever £ÛD£Ý before 1500 B.C.

¡¡¡¡12ª±It soon became obviously £ÛA£Ý that instead of being trained £ÛB£Ý to sing she would £ÛC£Ý be trainedas the astronomer¬ðs assistant.£ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡13ª±He also conceived £ÛA£Ýthat the solar system and the universe would come £ÛB£Ýinto existence by £ÛC£Ýa natural process and would disappear £ÛD£Ý one day.

¡¡¡¡14ª±The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less £ÛA£Ýthan the earth; £ÛB£Ýin consequence,£ÛC£Ýthe force of gravity at the moon¬ðs surface is only oneª²sixth of £ÛD£Ýthat at the earth¬ðs surface.

¡¡¡¡15ª±The Bunsen burner is so £ÛA£Ýnamed because it is thought £ÛB£Ý to be invented£ÛC£Ý by Robert Bunsen, who was German by £ÛD£Ý birth.

¡¡¡¡16ª±Much although£ÛA£Ý I have travelled, I have never seen anyone to equal £ÛB£Ý her in thoroughness,whatever £ÛC£Ý the job.£ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡17ª±The weeds £ÛA£Ý and tall grass in that yard makes £ÛB£Ý the house look £ÛC£Ý as if it had been vacant £ÛD£Ý for quite some time.

¡¡¡¡18ª±If only £ÛA£Ý the nature of the aging process is £ÛB£Ýbetter understood,the possibility of discovering £ÛC£Ý a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems £ÛD£Ý very remote.

¡¡¡¡19ª±When I consider howtalented he is £ÛA£Ý as a painter,£ÛB£ÝI cannot help but believing £ÛC£Ý that the public £ÛD£Ý will appreciate his gift.

¡¡¡¡20ª±Allen has stated £ÛA£Ý that he has always had £ÛB£Ý a great interest£ÛC£Ý and admiration for £ÛD£Ý the work of the British economist Keynes.

¡¡¡¡Section C

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£ Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

¡¡¡¡Example:

¡¡¡¡The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ývanished £ÛB£Ýscattered£ÛC£Ýabandoned £ÛD£Ýrejected

¡¡¡¡The sentence should read, \!The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.¡± Therefore, you should choose £ÛC£Ý¡£

¡¡¡¡Sample Answer£ÛA£Ý £ÛB£Ý £ÛC£Ý £ÛD£Ý

¡¡¡¡21. Please do not be by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý disregarded£ÛB£Ý distorted£ÛC£Ý irritated£ÛD£Ý intervened

¡¡¡¡22. Craig assured his boss that he would all his energies in doing this new job.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý call forth£ÛB£Ý call at£ÛC£Ý call on £ÛD£Ý call off

¡¡¡¡23. Too much to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý disclosure£ÛB£Ý exhibition£ÛC£Ý contact£ÛD£Ý exposure

¡¡¡¡24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes , and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý dim£ÛB£Ý blank£ÛC£Ý faint£ÛD£Ý vain

¡¡¡¡25. It is well known that knowledge is the condition for expansion of mind.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý incompatible£ÛB£Ý incredible£ÛC£Ý indefinite£ÛD£Ý indispensible

¡¡¡¡26. More than two hundred years ago the United Statesfrom the British Empire and became an independent country.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý got off£ÛB£Ý pulled down£ÛC£Ý broke away£ÛD£Ý dropped off

¡¡¡¡27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one isloud continuous noise.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý subjected to£ÛB£Ý filled with£ÛC£Ý associated with£ÛD£Ý attached to

¡¡¡¡28. Some of the most important concepts in physicstheir success to these mathematical systems.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý oblige£ÛB£Ý owe£ÛC£Ý contribute£ÛD£Ý attribute

¡¡¡¡29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something researching into.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý precious£ÛB£Ý worth£ÛC£Ý worthy£ÛD£Ý valuable

¡¡¡¡30. As a defense against airª²pollution damage, many plants and animalsa substance to absorb harmful chemicals.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý relieve£ÛB£Ý release£ÛC£Ý dismiss£ÛD£Ý discard

¡¡¡¡31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people wouldbe able to walk.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý in no time £ÛB£Ý by all means£ÛC£Ý in no way£ÛD£Ý on any account

¡¡¡¡32. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý occasionally£ÛB£Ý simultaneously£ÛC£Ý eventually£ÛD£Ý promptly

¡¡¡¡33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great to educate their children.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý efforts£ÛB£Ý pains£ÛC£Ý attempts£ÛD£Ý endeavours

¡¡¡¡34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý put on£ÛB£Ý put out£ÛC£Ý put in£ÛD£Ý put forward

¡¡¡¡35. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to beto it.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý connected£ÛB£Ý fastened£ÛC£Ý bound£ÛD£Ý stuck

¡¡¡¡36. The English language contains a (n)of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý altitude£ÛB£Ý latitude£ÛC£Ý multitude£ÛD£Ý attitude

¡¡¡¡37. In my opinion, you can widen the of these improvements through your active participation.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý dimension£ÛB£Ý volume£ÛC£Ý magnitude£ÛD£Ý scope

¡¡¡¡38. Your improper words will giveto doubts concerning your true intentions.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý rise£ÛB£Ý reason£ÛC£Ý suspicion£ÛD£Ý impulse

¡¡¡¡39. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý on the spot£ÛB£Ý on the site£ÛC£Ý on the location£ÛD£Ý on the ground

¡¡¡¡40. The remarkableof life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý classification£ÛB£Ý variety£ÛC£Ý density£ÛD£Ý diversion.

¡¡¡¡Part ¢òCloze Test

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

¡¡¡¡The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.In speaking,the choice of words is 41) the utmost importance.Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42) breakdown in the communication cycle.Too often careless use of words 43) a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.The words used by the speaker may 44) unfavorable reactions in the listener 45) interfere with his comprehension;hence,the transmissionª²reception system breaks down.

¡¡¡¡46)£¬inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47) difficult for the listener to understand the 48) which is being transmitted to him.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49) to explain or describe in a 50) that can be understood by his listeners.

¡¡¡¡41.£ÛA£Ýof£ÛB£Ýat£ÛC£Ýfor£ÛD£Ýon

¡¡¡¡42. £ÛA£Ýinaccessible£ÛB£Ýtimely£ÛC£Ýlikely£ÛD£Ýinvalid

¡¡¡¡43. £ÛA£Ýencourages£ÛB£Ýprevents£ÛC£Ýdestroys£ÛD£Ýoffers

¡¡¡¡44. £ÛA£Ýpass out£ÛB£Ýtake away£ÛC£Ýback up£ÛD£Ýstir up

¡¡¡¡45. £ÛA£Ýwho£ÛB£Ýas£ÛC£Ýwhich£ÛD£Ýwhat

¡¡¡¡46. £ÛA£ÝMoreover£ÛB£ÝHowever£ÛC£ÝPreliminarily£ÛD£ÝUnexpectedly

¡¡¡¡47. £ÛA£Ýthat£ÛB£Ýit£ÛC£Ýso£ÛD£Ýthis

¡¡¡¡48. £ÛA£Ýspeech£ÛB£Ýsense£ÛC£Ýmessage£ÛD£Ýmeaning

¡¡¡¡49. £ÛA£Ýobscure£ÛB£Ýdifficult£ÛC£Ýimpossible£ÛD£Ýunable

¡¡¡¡50. £ÛA£Ýcase£ÛB£Ýmeans£ÛC£Ýmethod£ÛD£Ýway

¡¡¡¡Part ¢óReading Comprehension

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked £ÛA£Ý£¬£ÛB£Ý£¬£ÛC£Ýand £ÛD£Ý¡£Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET ¢ñ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)

¡¡¡¡Passage1

¡¡¡¡The American economic system is organized around a basically privateª²enterprise,marketª²oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen,striving to make profits,produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen;and the profit motive,operating under competitive pressures,largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

¡¡¡¡An important factor in a marketª²oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy,this mechanism is provided by a price system,a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by sellerª²producers.If the product is in short supply relative to the demand,the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerª²producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product,Thus,price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.

¡¡¡¡The important factor in a privateª²enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property ),and they are permitted to hire labor,gain control over natural resources,and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

¡¡¡¡51.In Line 6,Para.1,¡°the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes¡± means .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝAmericans are never satisfied with their incomes

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝAmericans tend to overstate their incomes

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝAmericans want to have their incomes increased

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝAmericans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes

¡¡¡¡52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýproducers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýconsumers can express their demands through producers

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýproducers decide the prices of products

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýsupply and demand regulate prices

¡¡¡¡53.According to the passage,a privateª²enterprise economy is characterized by .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýprivate property and rights concerned

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýmanpower and natural resources control

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýownership of productive resources

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýfree contracts and prices

¡¡¡¡54. The passage is mainly about.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýhow American goods are produced

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýhow American consumers buy their goods

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýhow American economic system works

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýhow American businessmen make their profits

¡¡¡¡Passage2

¡¡¡¡One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bankª²issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit on stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well.More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open.For many of us the ¡°cashless society¡± is not on the horizon¡ªit¬ðs already here.

¡¡¡¡While computers offer these conveniences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales.They can keep a wide range of records,including who sold what,when,and to whom,This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.Computerª²analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now,which to develop for the future,and which to drop.Computers keep track of goods in stock,of raw materials on hand,and even of the production process itself.

¡¡¡¡Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

¡¡¡¡55.According to the passage,the credit card enables its owner to .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýwithdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýobtain more convenient services than other people do

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýenjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýcash money wherever he wishes to

¡¡¡¡56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that .

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýin the future all the Americans will use credit cards

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýcredit cards are mainly used in the United States today

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýnowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýit is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

¡¡¡¡57.The phrase ¡°ring up sales¡± (Line 2,Para.2) most probably means ¡°¡±¡£

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýmake an order of goods

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýrecord sales on a cash register

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýcall the sales manager

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýkeep track of the goods in stock

¡¡¡¡58.What is this passage mainly about?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝApproaches to the commercial use of computers.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝConveniences brought about by computers in business.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝSignificance of automation in commercial enterprises.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝAdvantages of credit cards in business.

¡¡¡¡Passage3

¡¡¡¡Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For these children to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.

¡¡¡¡Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children,we find ourselves describing their environment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention,we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society¬ðs understanding¡ªthe knowledge,hopes,and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

¡¡¡¡Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that mirror we can see the strengths,the weaknesses,the hopes,the prejudices,and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicated the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,whatever their special conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

¡¡¡¡¡°All men are created equal.¡± We¬ðve heard it many times,but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this country¬ðs founders to denote equality before the law,it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implies educational opportunity for all children¡ªthe right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity,whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children¡ªdisabled or not¡ªto an appropriate education,and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.In response, schools are modifying their programs,adapting instruction to children who are exceptional,to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

¡¡¡¡59.In Paragraph 2,the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýexceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýexceptional children are the key interest of the family and society

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthe needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children

¡¡¡¡60.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthey are expected to be leaders of the society

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthey might become a burden of the society

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthey should fully develop their potentials

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýdisabled children deserve special consideration

¡¡¡¡61.This passage mainly deals with.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe differences of children in their learning capabilities

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthe definition of exceptional children in modern society

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe special educational programs for exceptional children

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthe necessity of adapting education to exceptional children

¡¡¡¡62.From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýis now enjoying legal support

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýdisagrees with the tradition of the country

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýwas clearly stated by the country¬ðs founders

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýwill exert great influence over court decisions

¡¡¡¡Passage4

¡¡¡¡¡°I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we¬ðll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,¡±says microbiologist Robert Weinberg,an expert on cancer.¡°But,¡±he cautions,¡°some people have the idea that once one understands the causes,the cure will rapidly follow.Consider Pasteur,he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections,but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.¡±

¡¡¡¡This year,50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years.In the year 2000,the National Cancer Institute estimates,that figure will be 75 percent.For some skin cancers,the fiveª²year survival rate is as high as 90 percent.But other survival statistics are still discouraging¡ª13 percent for lung cancer,and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas(ÒÈÏÙ)¡£

¡¡¡¡With as many as 120 varieties in existence,discovering how cancer works is not easy.The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s,when they discovered that oncogenes,which are cancerª²causing genes(»ùÒò)£¬are inactive in normal cells.Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene,but how remains unknown.If several oncogenes are driven into action,the cell,unable to turn them off,becomes cancerous.

¡¡¡¡The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious,but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.¡°Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,¡± says oncologist William Hayward.Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated;as Hayward points out,¡°We can¬ðt prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.¡±

¡¡¡¡The prospects for cure,though still distant,are brighter.

¡¡¡¡¡°First,we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself.Second,we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble.If we can understand how cancer works,we can counteract its action.¡±

¡¡¡¡63.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýpredict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýindicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýprove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýwarn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered

¡¡¡¡64.the author implies that by the year 2000,.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthere will be a drastic rise in the fiveª²year survival rate of skinª²cancer patients

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý90 percent of the skinª²cancer patients today will still be living

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthere won¬ðt be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients

¡¡¡¡65.Oncogenes are cancerª²causing genes.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthat are always in operation in a healthy person

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýwhich remain unharmful so long as they are not activated

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthat can be driven out of normal cells

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýwhich normal cells can¬ðt turn off

¡¡¡¡66.The word ¡°dormant¡± in the third paragraph most probably means.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýdead£ÛB£Ýeverª²present£ÛC£Ýinactive£ÛD£Ýpotential

¡¡¡¡Passage5

¡¡¡¡Discoveries in science and technology are thought by ¡°untaught minds¡± to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.Sir Alexander Fleming did not ,as legend would have it,look at the mold(ù)on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error.Innovation is like soccer;even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

¡¡¡¡The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity,the prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach.Everybody gets ideas,but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise.What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions,professional innovators see as solid possibilities.

¡¡¡¡¡°Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there¬ðs no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done.¡±wrote Rudolph Flesch,a language authority.This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:¡°How come nobody thought of that before?¡±

¡¡¡¡The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears.Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything.Faced with getting from A to B,the average person will automatically set out on the bestª²known and apparently simplest route.The innovator will search for alternate courses,which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.

¡¡¡¡Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.

¡¡¡¡67.What does the author probably mean by ¡°untaught mind¡± in the first paragraph?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝA person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝA citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝA person who has had no education

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝAn individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident

¡¡¡¡68.According to the author,what distinguishes innovators from nonª²innovators?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝThe variety of ideas they have.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝThe intelligence they possess.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝThe way they deal with problems.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝThe way they present their findings.

¡¡¡¡69.The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in paragraph 3 because.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝRudolph Flesch is the bestª²known expert in the study of human creativity

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthe quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch¬ðs point of view

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthe quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented

¡¡¡¡70.The phrase ¡°march to a different drummer¡±(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are.

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýdiligent in pursuing their goals

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýreluctant to follow common ways of doing things

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýdevoted to the progress of science

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýconcerned about the advance of society

¡¡¡¡Part ¢ôEnglishª²Chinese Translation

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET ¢ò¡£(15 points)

¡¡¡¡According to the new school of scientists,technology is an overlooked force on expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.(71)Science moves forward,they say,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.(72)¡°In short,¡±a leader of the new school contends,¡°the scientific revolution,as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions¡±¡£

¡¡¡¡(73)Over the years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to,and derived great benefit from,craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.

¡¡¡¡The centerpiece of the argument of a technologyª²yes,geniusª²no advocate was an analysis of Galileo¬ðs role at the start of the scientific revolution.The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy,an astronomer of the second century,whose elaborate system of the sky put earth at the center of all heavenly motions.(74)Galileo¬ðs greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.But the real hero of the story,according to the new school of scientists,was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.

¡¡¡¡Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.(75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(·´Ö®)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

¡¡¡¡Part ¢õWriting(15points)

¡¡¡¡76.Directions:

¡¡¡¡Aª± Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS

¡¡¡¡Bª± Time limit: 40 minutes

¡¡¡¡Cª± Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

¡¡¡¡Dª± Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: ¡°As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.¡±

¡¡¡¡E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.

¡¡¡¡OUTLINE:

¡¡¡¡1. The need for friends

¡¡¡¡2. True friendship

¡¡¡¡3. My principle in making friends

¡¡¡¡

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